Gramática (Present, Past)

Present Simple

FORM: Base form/ verb+ -S

EXAPLES:

+   She often studies in the kitchen. 

-    She often doesn't studie in the kitchen.

¿? Does she often studie in the kitchen? 

USES: Action that happens regularly (Rutinas y hábitos)

TIME EXPRESSIONS: Always, often, on Mondays, at night, at 6 o'clock...

Present Continuous 

FORM: am/is/are + verb + -ing

EXAMPLES: 

+  They are studying for an exam now 

-   They aren't studying for an exma now 

¿? Are they studying for an exam now?

USES: near future, an action happening now (Acciones del momento y Futuro cercano)

TIME EXPRESSIONS: now, at the moment, this year, today, tomorrow...

Past Simple

FORM: verb + -ed/ irregular verbs

EXAMPLES:

+   They finished school last year 

-    They didn't finish school last year

¿?  Did they finish school last year?

USES: a completed action in the past, consecutive past actions (Acciones ya acabadas y cuando detrás hay otra acción pasada) 

TIME EXPRESSIONS: yesterday, in 2004, last year, when...

Past Continuous

FORM: was/were + verb + -ing

EXAMPLES:

+    She was waiting in the square last night 

-     She wasn't waiting in the square last night

¿?  Was she waiting in the square last night?

USES: an action in progress at a specific time in the past, an action in progress interrupted by another action (1 acción en 1 momento especifico del pasado y cuando 1 acción es interrumpida por otra)

TIME EXPRESSIONS: last night, at 3:00, while...

Present Perfect Simple

FORM: have/has + past participle 

EXAMPLES:

+    She have learned English for years 

-     She haven't learned English for years

¿?  Have she learned for years?

USES: an action that started in the past and continues to the present, a past action but you don't specify when.(acción que empezó en el pasado y continua ahora y 1 acción pasada pero que no se especifica cuando)

TIME EXPRESSIONS: never, ever, yet, recently, for, since...

Present Perfect Continuous

FORM: have/has + been + verb + -ing

EXAMPLES:

+     I have been studying the whole afternoon

-      I haven't been studying the whole afternoon

¿?   Have you been studying the whole afternoon?

USES: long action (acciones largas)

TIME EXPRESSIONS: For a year, since 1999, all the evening...

Past Perfect Simple 
FORM: Had + past participle
EXAMPLES:
+    When we got to the airport, the plane had already landed
-     When we arrived at the airport, the plane hadn't landed.
¿?   When we got to the airport, had the plane landed?

USES: an action that took place before a specific moment in the past (1 acción anterior a otra acción pasada)
TIME EXPRESSIONS: already, by the time, after, before...

Past Perfect Continuous
FORM: Had + been + verb + -ing
EXAMPLES:
+    I bought the jacket after I had been searching for it for a long time
-     I bought the jacket after I hadn't been searching for it for a long time

USES: an action that continued for some time up to another action in the past (1 acción pasada que es acabada porque otra la interrumpe)
TIME EXPRESSIONS: for hours, since last March, all night....


EXERCISES:

1. Complete this dialogue with the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple, Present Continuous, Past Simple or Past Continuos. 
2.1.  A:-I'm at the shopping centre, and I ......(look for) the things you asked for.

        B:-Great!
1.2.  A:-Why .... you .....(put) chocolate on the list?
1.3.  B:-I .....(see) that one of the other candidates 1.4.......(hand out) chocolates yesterday.
        A: Oh.OK.
1.5.  B:-......than.....(seem) like a good idea to you?
1.6. A:-Sure! Everyone.....(love) free gifts! By the way, what 1.7.... you ....(think) of this slogan? Don't be shy, give Ryan a try!
1.8.  B:-Fiona.....(use) it last year, while she 1.9......(run) for president.
1.10. A:-That's right, I forgot. And she ......(not win)!

2.Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Perfect Simple, Present Perfect Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
2.1.Becky's great at tennis because she.....(play) since she was five years old.
2.2.I don't want to have sushi again. I..... (already/eat) it three times this week.
2.3.I couldn't get in the house because I .....(forget) my key.
2.4.I haven't seen you since this morning. What .... you ....(do) all day?
2.5.We looked everywhere for Evan. Nobody told us that he .....(already/leave)


3. Choose the correct answer.
3.1. I had been reading--have been reading for hours, so my eyes were red.
3.2. We wondered who had been living--has been living in that house.
3.3. My books are on the desk because I have been studying--had been studying.
3.4. By the time the doctor came, the child had been screaming--has been screaming for hours.
3.5. Where were you? I 've been waiting--had been waiting for hours!
3.6. They had been walking--have been walking for 15 minutes when they realised they were going in the wrong direction.


4.Choose the correct answer.
4.1. You still.... the money you owe me.
         a) haven't been paying
         b) haven't paid
4.2. Tom finally forgave me after I.....several times.
         a) have apologised
         b) had apologised
4.3. There you are! Where .....all day?
         a) have you been 
         b) had you been 
4.4. Isn't Cindy tired? She .... for 45 minutes.
         a) has run 
         b) has been running 
4.5. Bella can't get on the flight. She .... her passport.
         a) has forgotten
         b) had forgotten 


SOLUTIONS:
1.1.I'm looking for
1.2.Why did you put 
1.3.Saw
1.4.Was handing out
1.5.Does that seem
1.6.Loves
1.7.Do you think
1.8.Used
1.9.Was running 
1.10.Didn't win

2.1. She has played
2.2. I have already eaten 
2.3. I had forgotten
2.4. What have you been doing 
2.5. He had already left

3.1. had been reading
3.2. had been living
3.3. have been studying 
3.4. had been screaming 
3.5. 've been waiting 
3.6. had been walking

4.1. b
4.2. b
4.3. a
4.4. b
4.5. a